Petri nets represent a versatile mathematical framework for modelling the discrete and often concurrent processes that underpin many biological systems. By representing interactions as networks of ...

Ever better experimental techniques allow us to perform experiments under tightly controlled conditions and can deliver gigantic amounts of data reflecting the complexity of biology. This has vastly ...

Modeling complex systems When studying complex biological systems such as the immune system, scientists can extract many different types of data. Sequencing cell genomes tells them which gene variants ...

Melbourne, Australia - 12 August 2025 - Researchers have demonstrated that brain cells learn faster and carry out complex networking more effectively than machine learning by comparing how both a ...

Introduction to systematics -- Systematics and the philosophy of science -- Characters and character states -- Character polarity and inferring homology -- Tree-building algorithms -- Evaluating ...

At first glance, biology and quantum technology seem incompatible. Living systems operate in warm, noisy environments full of constant motion—while quantum technology often requires extreme isolation ...

Lactoferrin (LF), a multifunctional glycoprotein of the transferrin family, is naturally expressed in human and cow milk. The name ‘LF’ is derived from its ability to bind to iron (ferrin, a suffix ...