When a CMOS circuit is in an idle state there is still some static power dissipation–a result of leakage current through nominally off transistors. Both nMOS and pMOS transistors used in CMOS logic ...

In the early digital era, logic gates were made exclusively of transistors and discrete components. The obvious occupation of a large space and increased heat dissipation pushed technology to ...

Sophisticated smart meters use IC technology to accurately measure and report power consumption. A primary concern in smart meter design is measurement data integrity. The most effective solution to ...

Digital transition switching is the primary cause of noise in mixed-signal devices. Signal noise and immunity to power, ground, and substrate noise all benefit from using differential circuits. Design ...

Low-power high-speed CMOS comparators and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) play a pivotal role in modern electronics, from data-intensive computing systems to precision biomedical instrumentation.

One of the first things we learn about computers is that they perform operations using binary code to represent values. It's a fundamental trait of computing -- but it's not a requirement. It's ...