The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

A clever mathematical tool known as virtual particles unlocks the strange and mysterious inner workings of subatomic particles. What happens to these particles within atoms would stay unexplained ...

Physicists have taken a first step in understanding quantum emergence -- the transition from 'one-to-many' particles -- by studying not one, not many, but two isolated, interacting particles. The ...

Atoms in the optical lattice, trapped at a distance of 0.5 micron, are excited to the Rydberg state by the ultrafast excitation technique. Interaction between close Rydberg atoms results in the ...

Landslides are one striking example of erosion. When the bonds that hold particles of dirt and rock together are overwhelmed by a force -- often in the form of water -- sufficient to pull the rock and ...

Tiny solid particles — like pollutants, cloud droplets and medicine powders — form highly concentrated clusters in turbulent environments like smokestacks, clouds and pharmaceutical mixers. What ...

Finding could have applications in acoustic-levitation-assisted 3D printing, mid-air chemical synthesis and micro-robotics ...