Fractal networks are complex structures that exhibit self-similarity across multiple scales, meaning that their intricate patterns repeat regardless of the level of observation. This inherent ...

We study energy integrals and discrete energies on the sphere, in particular, analogues of the Riesz energy with the geodesic distance in place of the Euclidean, and we determine that the range of ...

Measuring geodesic distance—that's distance as the crow flies, or the literal shortest route between two points—on Google Maps long required an oddly analog approach: You looked at the map’s scale and ...