Protection against ESD events (commonly referred to as ESD robustness) is an extremely important aspect of integrated circuit (IC) design and verification, including 2.5/3D designs. ESD events cause ...

Adding components to provide circuit protection against internal and external mishaps is one of those thankless design jobs, similar to buying insurance. When it’s not needed, it seems like an added ...

PCB flaws and errors that are usually hidden, or at least disguised, can introduce passive errors into IC performance. To understand how these errors occur, though, we must first examine the ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. Transistors and ICs are considered active components because they change signals using energy from the power supply. Capacitors, ...