There is one thing that unites almost every computer and logic circuit commonly used in the hardware hacking and experimentation arena. No matter what its age, speed, or internal configuration, ...

As we have observed in previous parts of this course, in a digital system, signals can take on only two values: high or low. These values are often represented by two voltage levels. The most used ...

The need for logic voltage level translation is prevalent on most electronic systems today. For example, an ASIC might be operating with supply-voltage V CCA, while an I/O device operates with a ...

Learn about digital states, voltage logic levels, and logic level families for digital signals. This tutorial is part of the Instrument Fundamentals series.

In electronic design, a level translator enables communication between devices whose I/O voltages don’t match. Years ago, the I/O voltages usually matched, because most processor and logic devices ...

Toshiba is aiming at UART and SPI interfaces with three four-channel dual-supply level-translator-transceivers. “The bus transceivers support level-up and level-down voltage translation from either of ...

VLSI technology is enabling the realization of complex System on Chip (SoC) designs where different parts of a system, such as analog and digital circuits, as well as passive components, are ...

In adding an alternative cutter drive motor (‘spindle’) to an existing cnc machine, an electrically isolated pwm to analogue converter is needed. The machine uses a ‘grbl’ controller, which has an ...

During board bring-up and multimeter probing, he found that the 1.8 V-shifted RESET signal went down to 1.0V — and its 3.3 V counterpart stayed at 2.6V. Was it a current fight between GPIOs? A faulty ...