There are microbial communities thriving at the depths of Antarctic lakes where conditions are so harsh, very little else can survive. Researchers are now learning more about unusual formations made ...

The shape of biological structures, ranging from flower petals to the limbs or organs of animals, is often naturally best ...

Unfortunately, this book can't be printed from the OpenBook. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a PDF. Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this ...

In a recent study, researchers have unveiled the presence of peculiar microscopic structures in the blood of Long COVID patients. These formations, reported on November 13, 2025, are described as ...

AlphaFold 3, unveiled to the world on May 9, is the latest version of an algorithm designed to predict the structures of proteins – vital molecules used by all life – from the “instruction code” in ...

Industrial microbiology is a branch of applied microbiology that uses microbes, such as bacteria, algae, and fungi, to produce high-value products, including drugs and fuels. 1 This field of science ...

There’s an age-old adage in biology: structure determines function. To understand the function of the myriad proteins that perform vital jobs in a healthy body—or malfunction in a diseased ...