Nonthermal and thermal plasmas are used in the industrial, engineering, medical, and research industries. Plasma composition is an important parameter in any plasma process. Using optical emission ...

Microwave-Induced Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (MIP-OES) is an analytical technique that utilises microwave energy to generate a plasma, in which atoms and ions emit characteristic wavelengths ...

“Plasma” refers to a gas with a significant proportion of ionized molecules, which produce various excited ions, atoms, and molecules. Electrons liberated from ions and atoms are highly energetic and ...