A plant cell wall is arranged in layers and contains cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and soluble protein. These components are organized into three major layers: the primary ...

In the evolutionary history of life, the ability of a cell to separate its inner world from the external environment was an important turning point. The so-called plasma membrane lets cells control ...

Biological membranes of cells and their subunits (organelles) are organized into tiny regions (nanodomains) made up of fats ...

Mitochondria are cell organelles surrounded by a double membrane. In addition to numerous essential functions in the metabolism of the cell, they also play a key role in the integration of signals ...

Plasma makes up about 55 percent of your blood. It carries out several key functions in the body, including transporting waste products. Read on to learn more about plasma, including what it’s made of ...