Use of constructed wetlands designed for wastewater treatment is becoming common throughout the world. Oxidation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) may be increased by transport of oxygen $({\rm O}_{2})$ ...

Wetlands like freshwater ponds, swamps, and marshes are excellent natural water purifiers. They are also uniquely equipped to improve water clarity and quality through the removal of kicked-up ...

Although constructed wetland treatment systems have been used in a variety of applications, uncertainty in adequately determining flow conditions or hydraulic residence times ("hydraulic efficiencies" ...