Auger electron spectroscopy is a well-established surface-sensitive technique. It has been mostly used for the identification of species on sample surfaces, especially to monitor the process of sample ...

While there are a number of techniques available for profiling surface structures, like scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the advantage Auger spectroscopy has for ...

AES operates on the principle of the Auger effect, named after the French physicist Pierre Auger. When a material's surface is bombarded with a beam of high-energy electrons or photons, it causes the ...