Excess return refers to the return on an investment that surpasses the return of a benchmark or a risk-free rate. It measures the performance of an investment in relation to its expected or required ...

This is part 2 of a multi-part series where we deep dive into the nuances of Index Returns. This paper will provide an overview of the mechanisms of equity futures, the purpose of the equity index ...

The return on equity and its more expansive variant, the return on invested capital, measure what a company is making on the capital it has invested in business, and is a measure of business quality.