Major processes in semiconductor wafer fabrication: 1) wafer preparation, 2) pattern transfer, 3) doping, 4) deposition, 5) etching, and 6) packaging. The process of creating semiconductors can be ...

For quality control purposes, wafers, such as semiconductor or flat-panel display (FPD) chips, need to be examined under a microscope to verify that they meet specifications related to both circuit ...

There’s nothing more freeing than to be an engineer with no perceptible budget in sight. [BrendaEM] walks us through a teardown of a machine that was designed under just such a lack of constraint. It ...

One of the main challenges in developing semiconductor chip technology is making electronic components smaller and more effective. This difficulty is most noticeable in lithography, which is the ...

Most discussions of advanced lithography focus on three elements — the exposure system, photomasks, and photoresists — but that’s only part of the challenge. Successfully transferring a pattern from ...