For three decades, Japanese diver Hiroyuki Arakawa has maintained a unique bond with Yoriko, an Asian sheepshead wrasse, near an underwater shrine. This consistent interaction, involving feeding and ...

Research suggests that consciousness could extend far beyond just humans—every cellular creature in the universe, no matter how big or small, could be conscious, too. Studies show that single-cell ...

Instinct does play a role in nest-building, but so much more seems to be involved. Entwined with instinct are reason, ...

Much more difficult is learning to connect different types of stimuli or events, and predicting that one is linked to another. Such associative learning was most famously demonstrated when Ivan Pavlov ...

In 1897 Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov proved that animals can be trained using associative learning. A new study finds that even single-celled organisms can behave like “Pavlov's dog.” ...

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has rapidly emerged as a powerful approach for enabling robots to acquire adaptive, data-driven behaviors in real-world ...

Large language models lack grounding in physical causality — a gap world models are designed to fill. Here's how three ...

A randomized placebo controlled experiment shows that increasing noradrenaline during learning does not improve basic memory accuracy but increases the spread of associations across the hippocampal ...

AI responds with more patience and empathy than humans often do. That contrast should worry us. Half of teens use AI chatbots for companionship. They're choosing safety over authenticity. We're ...