Abstract: Assessing how students solve context-based mathematical problems is challenging because outcome measures, such as problem scores, provide limited insight into the cognitive processes ...

Penn researchers have developed a smarter AI method for solving notoriously difficult inverse equations, which help scientists uncover hidden causes behind observable effects. By introducing ...

Abstract: The paper studies discrete-time statistical filtering problems with the goal to minimize expected total costs. Such problems are usually defined by pairs of stochastic equations and by ...